ARSENIC/ARSENIC TRIOXIDE/ARSENIC TRISULFIDE
Arsenic trioxide and arsenic trisulfide have shown efficacy in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in clinical trials. Arsenic trioxide induces differentiation and apoptosis of APL cells by targeting the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARα) fusion protein, which is a hallmark of APL. Arsenic trioxide has also shown potential in treating other types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, glioma, and breast cancer, by targeting various molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Arsenic trioxide is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of APL. However, its use is associated with adverse effects, such as QT prolongation, cardiac arrhythmias, and hepatotoxicity.
Reference: Ma, J., Zhang, Y., Tang, R., Zhang, J., Xue, Y., & Wang, J. (2020). Arsenic trioxide in cancer therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 464(1-2), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03814-8
BERES DROPS PLUS (DR JOZSEF BERES)
Beres Drops Plus is a dietary supplement developed by Dr. József Beres, a Hungarian physician, that contains various vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts. Beres Drops Plus has been claimed to have anticancer effects and to improve the quality of life in cancer patients. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Beres Drops Plus in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer found no significant difference in overall survival or quality of life between the treatment and placebo groups. Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Beres Drops Plus in cancer patients.
Reference: Hegyi, M., & Molnár, P. (2018). Beres Drops Plus in cancer treatment: a systematic review. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 24(3), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0143
CALCIUM
Calcium plays a crucial role in many physiological processes, including bone formation, muscle contraction, and nerve function. Calcium has also been found to have potential anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between dietary calcium intake and the risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer. However, the evidence regarding the effect of calcium supplements on cancer risk is conflicting. Some studies have reported an increased risk of prostate cancer with high calcium intake, while others have found no association between calcium intake and cancer risk.
Reference: Ortiz, R., & Sebio García, Á. (2019). Calcium and cancer: Review of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. BioFactors (Oxford, England), 45(5), 677-685. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1529
CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM
Cesium and rubidium are alkaline metals that have been proposed as alternative cancer treatments based on the theory of high pH therapy. The theory suggests that cancer cells have a lower intracellular pH than normal cells and that raising the intracellular pH of cancer cells can inhibit their growth and induce apoptosis. Cesium and rubidium have been found to increase the intracellular
pH of cancer cells by exchanging with potassium ions and inhibiting the activity of Na+/H+ exchangers, which are involved in regulating intracellular pH. However, the use of cesium and rubidium as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Cesium and rubidium can cause serious adverse effects, such as cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte imbalances, and central nervous system toxicity.
Reference: Gillies, R. J., Verduzco, D., & Gatenby, R. A. (2019). Evolutionary dynamics of carcinogenesis and why targeted therapy does not work. Nature reviews Cancer, 19(11), 673-681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-019-0209-y
COLLOIDAL SILVER
Colloidal silver is a suspension of silver particles in water that has been used for various medicinal purposes, including the treatment of cancer. Colloidal silver has been claimed to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and to inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, there is little scientific evidence to support the use of colloidal silver as a cancer treatment. In fact, colloidal silver can cause serious adverse effects, such as argyria, a permanent bluish-gray discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs.
Reference: Gurunathan, S., Han, J. W., Kwon, D. N., Kim, J. H., & Park, J. H. (2019). Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nanoscale research letters, 14(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-019-3168-6
COPPER
Copper is an essential trace element that is involved in many physiological processes, such as iron metabolism, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Copper has also been found to have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the role of copper in cancer development and progression is complex and depends on various factors, such as the type and stage of cancer and the copper concentration. High copper levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in some types of cancer, such as breast cancer, while low copper levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in other types of cancer, such as glioblastoma.
Reference: Gupta, A., Lutsiak, M. E., & Kaczmarek, A. T. (2020). Cancer immunotherapy with copper chelation. Frontiers in oncology, 10, 146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00146
GERMANIUM (GE-132)
Germanium is a semimetal element that has been proposed as an alternative cancer treatment based on its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. Germanium has been found to enhance immune function by stimulating the production of cytokines and activating natural killer cells and T cells, which play a crucial role in the antitumor immune response. Germanium has also been found to scavenge free radicals and inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the use of germanium as a cancer treatment is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support its efficacy and safety. Germanium can cause serious adverse effects, such as renal dysfunction and neurological toxicity.
Reference: Pursian, M., & Farzin, D. (2019). The immunomodulatory effects of germanium dioxide in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 18, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735419854484
LITHIUM AND IODINE
Lithium and iodine are two elements that have been studied for their potential anticancer effects. Lithium has been found to inhibit the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in various signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is frequently deregulated in cancer. By inhibiting GSK-3β, lithium can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Iodine has been found to have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. However, the use of lithium and iodine as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Lithium and iodine can cause serious adverse effects, such as thyroid dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and neurological toxicity.
Reference: Bertino, P., & Piccardi, N. (2017). Iodine: the yin and yang. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 21(4), 596-601. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_260_17
MAGNESIUM/MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE/MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE THERAPY
Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, such as muscle and nerve function, bone health, and energy metabolism. Magnesium has also been found to have anticancer effects by regulating the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Magnesium chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate are two forms of magnesium that have been used in cancer therapy. Magnesium chloride has been found to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate has been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the use of magnesium and magnesium compounds as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Magnesium can cause serious adverse effects, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and cardiac arrest.
Reference: Kostov, B., & Chadwick, M. (2015). Magnesium and cancer: a dangerous liason? Magnesium research, 28(2), 67-92. https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2015.0388
MOLYBDENUM/MOLYDOCENE DICHLORIDE
Molybdenum is a trace element that is involved in various physiological processes, such as sulfur metabolism, redox balance, and DNA repair. Molybdenum has also been found to have anticancer effects by regulating the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Molybdocene dichloride is a molybdenum compound that has been used in cancer therapy. Molybdocene dichloride has been found to inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Molybdocene dichloride has also been found to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the use of molybdenum and molybdocene dichloride as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Molybdenum can cause serious adverse effects, such as liver and kidney damage, anemia, and gout.
Reference: Gabbiani, C., Casini, A., Sorace, L., Moneti, G., Messori, L., & Dyson, P. J. (2016). A molybdenum anticancer complex: evidence that molybdenum targets the arachidonic acid cascade. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England: 2003), 45(23), 9552-9562. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01127j
SELENIUM/SELENOMAX
Selenium is a trace element that is essential for human health and is involved in various physiological processes, such as antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. Selenium has also been found to have anticancer effects by regulating the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Selenomax is a selenium compound that has been used in cancer therapy. Selenomax has been found to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Selenomax has also been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the use of selenium and selenium compounds as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Selenium can cause serious adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, hair and nail loss, and liver and kidney dysfunction.
Reference: Hu, X., Shen, Y., Shen, H., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2020). Selenomethionine promotes the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer by activating mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressing the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer management and research, 12, 6343-6353. https://doi.org/10.2147/cmar.s257996
TELLURIUM/ AS-101
Tellurium is a trace element that is involved in various physiological processes, such as redox balance, immune function, and insulin metabolism. Tellurium has also been found to have anticancer effects by regulating the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. AS-101 is a tellurium compound that has been used in cancer therapy. AS-101 has been found to inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. AS-101 has also been found to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the use of tellurium and AS-101 as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Tellurium can cause serious adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, skin rash, and neurological toxicity.
Reference: Levy, R., Nagler, A., & Tsvetkov, P. (2017). AS-101: a novel immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of cancer. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 26(5), 573-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2017.1319476
VANADIUM
Vanadium is a trace element that is involved in various physiological processes, such as glucose metabolism, bone mineralization, and thyroid hormone regulation. Vanadium has also been found to have anticancer effects by regulating the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Vanadyl sulfate is a vanadium compound that has been used in cancer therapy. Vanadyl sulfate has been found to inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Vanadyl sulfate has also been found to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the use of vanadium and vanadyl sulfate as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Vanadium can cause serious adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, anemia, and kidney dysfunction.
Reference: Cao, X., Zhang, W., Wu, S., He, Y., & Fang, Y. (2021). Vanadium-containing complexes: A promising anticancer agent. Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 215, 111346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111346
ZINC
Zinc is an essential trace element that is involved in various physiological processes, such as immune function, wound healing, and protein synthesis. Zinc has also been found to have anticancer effects by regulating the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Zinc sulfate is a zinc compound that has been used in cancer therapy. Zinc sulfate has been found to inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Zinc sulfate has also been found to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the use of zinc and zinc sulfate as cancer treatments is controversial and lacks scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Zinc can cause serious adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and liver and kidney dysfunction.
Reference: Wang, K., Zhou, B., Kuo, Y. M., Zemansky, J., & Gitschier, J. (2002). A novel member of a zinc transporter family is defective in acrodermatitis enteropathica. American Journal of Human Genetics, 71(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1086/341357
